Ground covering plants are an excellent way to create a lush, green carpet in your garden. They provide numerous benefits, including erosion control, weed suppression, and aesthetic appeal. This comprehensive guide will explore various types of ground covering seeds, their characteristics, planting methods, care tips, and ways to incorporate them into your garden landscape.
Benefits of Ground Cover Plants
Erosion Control
Ground cover plants help stabilize the soil and prevent erosion, especially on slopes and hillsides. Their extensive root systems bind the soil together, reducing the risk of landslides and soil loss.
Weed Suppression
A dense mat of ground cover plants can effectively suppress weeds by blocking sunlight and competing for nutrients and water. This reduces the need for chemical herbicides and manual weeding.
Moisture Retention
Ground cover plants help retain soil moisture by reducing evaporation. This is particularly beneficial in dry climates or during hot summer months, as it reduces the need for frequent watering.
Aesthetic Appeal
Ground covers add visual interest to the garden with their varied textures, colors, and forms. They can be used to create a seamless transition between different garden areas or to highlight specific features.
Habitat for Beneficial Insects
Many ground cover plants provide habitat and food for beneficial insects such as bees, butterflies, and ladybugs, contributing to a healthy garden ecosystem.
Popular Ground Cover Seeds
Creeping Thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
Creeping thyme is a low-growing perennial herb that forms a dense mat of tiny, aromatic leaves. It produces small, purple flowers in the summer, attracting pollinators.
- Height: 2-3 inches
- Light: Full sun
- Soil: Well-drained, sandy soil
- Water: Moderate, drought-tolerant once established
White Clover (Trifolium repens)
White clover is a hardy perennial that spreads quickly to form a lush, green carpet. It is nitrogen-fixing, improving soil fertility, and produces small, white flowers that attract bees.
- Height: 4-8 inches
- Light: Full sun to partial shade
- Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil
- Water: Moderate
Irish Moss (Sagina subulata)
Irish moss forms a dense, moss-like carpet of bright green foliage. It produces tiny, white flowers in late spring to early summer and is perfect for filling in gaps between stepping stones.
- Height: 1-2 inches
- Light: Full sun to partial shade
- Soil: Well-drained, slightly acidic soil
- Water: Regular, keep soil consistently moist
Dichondra (Dichondra repens)
Dichondra is a low-growing perennial that spreads quickly to form a dense, green mat. Its small, kidney-shaped leaves create a soft, lush carpet that can withstand light foot traffic.
- Height: 1-2 inches
- Light: Full sun to partial shade
- Soil: Well-drained soil
- Water: Moderate, drought-tolerant once established
Sedum (Sedum spp.)
Sedum, also known as stonecrop, is a succulent ground cover that thrives in hot, dry conditions. It forms a dense mat of fleshy leaves and produces clusters of small, star-shaped flowers.
- Height: 2-6 inches
- Light: Full sun
- Soil: Well-drained, sandy or rocky soil
- Water: Low, very drought-tolerant
Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum)
Sweet woodruff is a shade-loving perennial that forms a dense mat of whorled leaves. It produces clusters of small, white flowers in spring and has a sweet, hay-like fragrance.
- Height: 6-12 inches
- Light: Partial to full shade
- Soil: Moist, well-drained, rich in organic matter
- Water: Regular, keep soil consistently moist
Planting Ground Cover Seeds
Site Preparation
- Clear the Area: Remove any existing vegetation, weeds, and debris from the planting area. This can be done manually or with the use of herbicides.
- Improve Soil: Amend the soil with compost or organic matter to improve fertility and drainage. Till or loosen the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches.
- Level the Soil: Rake the soil surface smooth and level, removing any large rocks or clumps.
Sowing Seeds
- Timing: The best time to sow ground cover seeds is in the spring or fall when temperatures are moderate, and there is ample moisture.
- Seeding Rate: Follow the recommended seeding rate on the seed packet. Over-seeding can lead to overcrowding and poor establishment.
- Broadcasting Seeds: Scatter the seeds evenly over the prepared soil surface. For large areas, a broadcast spreader can be used.
- Covering Seeds: Lightly rake the soil surface to cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil. Alternatively, you can sprinkle a thin layer of compost or sand over the seeds.
- Watering: Water the area gently but thoroughly after sowing. Keep the soil consistently moist until the seeds germinate and the seedlings are established.
Mulching
Apply a thin layer of mulch, such as straw or shredded leaves, to help retain moisture and protect the seeds from being washed away or eaten by birds.
Caring for Ground Cover Plants
Watering
- Initial Establishment: Keep the soil consistently moist until the seedlings are established. This may require daily watering in hot, dry weather.
- Ongoing Care: Once established, many ground cover plants are drought-tolerant and require only occasional watering during prolonged dry periods.
Fertilizing
Ground cover plants typically require minimal fertilization. However, applying a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the spring can promote healthy growth.
Pruning and Trimming
Regular pruning or trimming helps maintain the shape and density of ground cover plants. Remove any dead or damaged foliage and trim back any overgrown areas to encourage new growth.
Weed Control
While ground cover plants suppress many weeds, some may still emerge. Regular weeding, either by hand or with the use of mulch, helps keep the planting area weed-free.
Pest and Disease Management
Ground cover plants are generally resilient, but they can still be affected by pests and diseases. Regularly inspect your plants for signs of trouble and treat any issues promptly with appropriate organic or chemical controls.
Incorporating Ground Cover Plants into Your Garden
Borders and Edges
Use ground cover plants along garden borders and edges to create a neat, tidy appearance. Their low-growing habit helps define garden beds and pathways.
Rock Gardens
Many ground cover plants thrive in rock gardens, where they can fill in gaps between rocks and add a lush, green backdrop to the rugged landscape.
Under Trees and Shrubs
Plant ground covers under trees and shrubs to create a lush, green carpet that reduces the need for mowing and mulching. Choose shade-tolerant species for these areas.
Slopes and Hillsides
Ground cover plants are ideal for stabilizing slopes and hillsides. Their extensive root systems help prevent soil erosion and create a visually appealing, low-maintenance landscape.
Pathways and Walkways
Use ground covers to create soft, green pathways and walkways through your garden. Select species that can tolerate light foot traffic and grow well in the available light conditions.
Lawn Alternatives
Replace traditional lawns with ground cover plants to create a low-maintenance, water-efficient landscape. Many ground covers require less mowing, watering, and fertilizing than traditional turfgrass.
Conclusion
Ground covering plants offer a versatile and attractive solution for various landscaping challenges. By choosing the right species for your garden conditions and providing proper care, you can create a lush, green carpet that enhances the beauty and functionality of your outdoor space. Whether you’re looking to control erosion, suppress weeds, or simply add visual interest, ground cover plants are an excellent choice for gardeners of all levels.
