Understanding Broomcorn
What is Broomcorn?
Broomcorn (Sorghum bicolor var. technicum) is a type of sorghum grown specifically for its stiff, broom-like seed branches used in making traditional brooms. Despite its name, broomcorn is not a type of corn but belongs to the grass family, similar to other sorghums. This plant is highly valued for its utility in crafting and its decorative potential in gardens.
Historical Significance
Broomcorn has been cultivated for centuries, with its origins traced back to Africa. It was introduced to the United States in the 1700s and quickly became an essential crop for handmade brooms, a staple in households before the advent of modern cleaning tools.
Benefits of Growing Broomcorn
Growing broomcorn offers several benefits:
- Practical Use: The harvested stalks can be used to make brooms and brushes.
- Ornamental Value: The tall, graceful plants add height and texture to garden landscapes.
- Eco-Friendly: Homemade brooms are a sustainable alternative to plastic cleaning tools.
How to Grow Broomcorn
1. Selecting the Right Variety
Broomcorn varieties vary in color and height. Some popular varieties include:
- Texcoco: Known for its robust growth and high-quality bristles.
- Apache Red: Features striking red seed heads, adding ornamental value.
2. Planting Broomcorn
Climate and Soil Requirements:
- Climate: Broomcorn thrives in warm climates with full sun exposure. It is a heat-tolerant plant, making it ideal for summer planting.
- Soil: Well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5 is optimal. Broomcorn is adaptable but performs best in fertile soil.
Planting Steps:
- Prepare the Soil: Till the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches and amend it with compost to enhance fertility.
- Sow the Seeds: Plant seeds directly in the ground after the last frost. Space them about 4-6 inches apart in rows 18-24 inches apart.
- Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist until the seeds germinate, usually within 7-14 days.
3. Caring for Broomcorn Plants
Watering:
- Early Growth: Maintain even moisture during the early stages of growth.
- Mature Plants: Once established, broomcorn is relatively drought-tolerant but benefits from regular watering during dry spells.
Fertilizing:
- Initial Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer at planting time.
- Ongoing Nutrition: Side-dress with nitrogen-rich fertilizer when the plants are about 12 inches tall to support vigorous growth.
Weeding and Mulching:
- Weeding: Keep the planting area free of weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch to conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds.
4. Harvesting Broomcorn
Timing:
- Harvest broomcorn when the seed heads have fully matured but before they become too dry and brittle.
Procedure:
- Cutting: Use a sharp knife or garden shears to cut the stalks just above the ground.
- Drying: Hang the cut stalks in a warm, dry, and well-ventilated area to cure. This process can take several weeks.
5. Making Brooms from Broomcorn
Materials:
- Broomcorn stalks
- Twine or wire
- Wooden handle
Steps:
- Bundle the Stalks: Gather the dried broomcorn stalks into bundles.
- Attach to Handle: Secure the bundle to the wooden handle using twine or wire, wrapping tightly to ensure durability.
- Trimming: Trim the ends of the broomcorn to create an even sweeping surface.
Conclusion
Broomcorn is a versatile and rewarding plant to grow in your garden. Whether you are interested in crafting traditional brooms or adding a unique ornamental touch to your landscape, broomcorn offers both practical and aesthetic benefits. With the right care and attention, you can successfully grow broomcorn and enjoy its many uses.
