September is often considered a month of transition, as summer fades and the cooler days of autumn begin to set in. While many gardeners might think that the growing season is coming to an end, savvy gardeners know that September is actually an ideal time to plant a variety of crops and flowers. By taking advantage of this often overlooked period, you can set your garden up for success, not just for the coming months but for the next growing season as well. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore why planting in September is a smart move for your garden and how you can make the most of this strategic timing.
The Benefits of Planting in September
Planting in September offers a range of benefits that can give your garden a head start on the next growing season. From earlier harvests to more efficient use of garden space, there are many reasons to consider planting now.
Taking Advantage of Cooler Weather
One of the primary advantages of planting in September is the cooler weather. The intense heat of summer can stress plants, making it difficult for them to establish strong roots. In contrast, the cooler temperatures of September create a more favorable environment for young plants to develop. The soil is still warm from the summer, which encourages root growth, but the cooler air helps prevent the wilting and stress that can occur during hotter months.
Reducing Watering Needs
With cooler temperatures, evaporation rates decrease, meaning that your garden will require less frequent watering. This can be a significant advantage, especially if you live in an area with water restrictions or if you simply want to reduce your water usage. Plants can establish themselves more easily when they are not struggling to cope with extreme heat and drought conditions.
Optimizing Soil Use
By planting in September, you can make better use of your garden’s soil. Many gardeners leave their plots empty over the winter, missing out on valuable growing time. However, by planting in September, you can keep your soil productive year-round. This not only maximizes the use of your garden space but also helps maintain soil health by preventing erosion and nutrient loss.
Preventing Soil Erosion
Bare soil is more susceptible to erosion from wind and rain. By keeping your garden planted, you can protect the soil from these elements. Cover crops, in particular, are excellent for preventing erosion and improving soil structure. These crops can be planted in September and will grow throughout the winter, protecting and enriching the soil for the next growing season.
Earlier Harvests in Spring
One of the most compelling reasons to plant in September is the promise of earlier harvests in the spring. By getting a head start on the growing season, you can enjoy fresh produce weeks earlier than if you had waited until spring to plant. This is particularly beneficial for crops that take a long time to mature, such as garlic, broad beans, and certain flowers.
Extending the Growing Season
Planting in September effectively extends your growing season. Instead of waiting until the last frost date in spring to start planting, you can get a jump start by planting hardy crops and flowers now. This allows you to take full advantage of the growing season and enjoy a continuous harvest throughout the year.
What to Plant in September
Not all plants are suited for September planting, but there are many that thrive when sown or transplanted during this time. Below, we’ll explore some of the best options for both flowers and vegetables.
Hardy Annuals and Perennials
Hardy annuals and perennials are an excellent choice for September planting. These plants can withstand cooler temperatures and will often bloom earlier than those planted in the spring.
Calendula (Pot Marigold)
Calendula is a versatile flower that can be planted in September to brighten up your garden in the early spring. These hardy annuals can survive light frosts and will bloom weeks earlier than spring-sown plants. Calendula flowers are also edible and can be used in salads or as a garnish.
Delphinium
Delphiniums are another excellent choice for September planting. These tall, striking perennials can be difficult to establish during the heat of summer, but they thrive when planted in cooler weather. By planting delphiniums in September, you can enjoy their vibrant blue, pink, or white flowers in early summer.
Pansies and Violas
Pansies and violas are ideal for adding color to your garden during the cooler months. These hardy plants can be sown in September and will provide cheerful blooms throughout the autumn and early spring. They are also perfect for container planting, making them a versatile addition to any garden.
Vegetables for a Fall and Spring Harvest
September is an excellent time to plant certain vegetables that can be harvested in the fall or overwintered for an early spring harvest.
Garlic
Garlic is one of the best crops to plant in September. This hardy bulb needs a cold period to develop properly, making autumn the ideal time for planting. By planting garlic in September, you’ll be able to harvest large, flavorful bulbs in late spring or early summer. Garlic also helps to repel pests and can be interplanted with other crops.
Broad Beans
Broad beans are another crop that benefits from September planting. Sowing them in the autumn allows the plants to establish strong roots before winter sets in. In spring, these early-established plants will produce a harvest much earlier than those sown in the spring. Broad beans are also nitrogen-fixing plants, which means they help improve soil fertility for subsequent crops.
Spinach
Spinach is a cold-hardy vegetable that thrives in cooler temperatures. Planting spinach in September allows you to harvest tender leaves in the fall and, if protected with a cold frame or mulch, can even provide a harvest through the winter. Spinach can also overwinter in milder climates, providing an early spring harvest.
Cover Crops to Improve Soil Health
In addition to flowers and vegetables, September is an ideal time to plant cover crops. These crops are not harvested but are grown to improve soil health, prevent erosion, and suppress weeds.
Clover
Clover is an excellent cover crop for adding nitrogen to the soil. It can be sown in September and will grow throughout the winter, fixing nitrogen in the soil and improving fertility for next year’s crops. Clover also attracts beneficial insects and can help suppress weeds.
Winter Rye
Winter rye is a fast-growing cover crop that can be planted in September to protect the soil over the winter. It is excellent for preventing erosion and adding organic matter to the soil. In the spring, winter rye can be tilled into the soil, providing a rich source of nutrients for your garden.
Tips for Successful September Planting
While September planting offers many benefits, it also requires careful planning and attention to detail. Here are some tips to help you get the most out of your September planting efforts.
Preparing Your Soil
Good soil preparation is crucial for successful planting, especially in the autumn. Start by clearing away any spent summer plants and weeds. Then, work in organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility and structure.
Testing Soil pH
Before planting, it’s a good idea to test your soil’s pH. Most plants prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH (between 6.0 and 7.0). If your soil is too acidic or too alkaline, consider adding amendments to adjust the pH. Lime can be added to raise the pH, while sulfur can be used to lower it.
Timing Your Planting
Timing is critical when planting in September. You want to give your plants enough time to establish roots before the first hard frost but not so much time that they begin to grow too vigorously before winter.
Using a Gardening Calendar
A gardening calendar can help you plan your September planting schedule. Look up the average first frost date for your area and count back from there to determine the best time to plant each crop. Keep in mind that some plants, like garlic, need a longer growing period and should be planted earlier in the month.
Protecting Young Plants
Young plants are more vulnerable to cold weather and pests, so it’s important to take steps to protect them as they establish.
Using Mulch
Applying a layer of mulch around your plants helps to insulate the soil, retain moisture, and suppress weeds. Mulch can also protect plant roots from temperature fluctuations, helping them to establish more securely before winter.
Covering with Row Covers or Cloches
Row covers and cloches can provide extra protection for young plants, especially in areas where early frosts are a concern. These coverings create a microclimate around the plants, keeping them warmer and protecting them from wind and frost.
Watering Wisely
Even though the weather is cooler, your September plantings will still need regular watering to establish strong roots.
Monitoring Soil Moisture
Check the soil moisture regularly to ensure that it stays consistently damp but not waterlogged. Newly planted seeds and seedlings need a steady supply of moisture to germinate and grow, but overwatering can lead to root rot and other problems.
Reducing Watering Frequency as Temperatures Drop
As the weather cools and the days grow shorter, plants will require less water. Gradually reduce the frequency of watering as autumn progresses, but continue to monitor soil moisture to ensure that your plants don’t dry out completely.
Preparing for Winter and Spring
September planting isn’t just about getting a head start on the growing season—it’s also about preparing your garden for winter and ensuring that it’s ready to burst into life in the spring.
Winterizing Your Garden
As you plant in September, keep an eye on the future and start preparing your garden for winter.
Protecting Perennials
Perennials that have been planted or transplanted in September need time to establish before the cold weather sets in. Mulch heavily around the base of the plants to protect the roots and help retain moisture in the soil.
Cleaning Up the Garden
Remove any remaining summer annuals and vegetables that have finished producing. Compost these plants or add them to your green waste bin. Cleaning up your garden reduces the risk of pests and diseases overwintering and causing problems in the spring.
Planning for Spring
Use the slower pace of autumn gardening to plan for next year’s growing season.
Creating a Planting Calendar
Consider creating a detailed planting calendar that includes all the crops and flowers you want to grow next year. Include key dates for sowing seeds, transplanting, and harvesting. This will help you stay organized and ensure that you make the most of the growing season.
Ordering Seeds and Supplies
September is also a good time to take stock of your gardening supplies. Check your seed inventory and order any seeds or bulbs you’ll need for spring planting. Buying seeds in advance can save you money and ensure that you have everything you need when the planting season begins.
Conclusion
Planting in September is a smart move for any gardener looking to extend the growing season, optimize garden space, and set the stage for an early and bountiful spring harvest. By taking advantage of the cooler weather, optimizing soil use, and carefully selecting the right plants, you can ensure that your garden remains productive and vibrant throughout the year. With proper planning and attention to detail, your September plantings will reward you with a flourishing garden that carries the beauty and bounty of summer well into the next growing season.
